Effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on serum immunity indexes,colonic immune factors,fecal odor,and fecal flora in mice

To evaluate the effects of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on growth, immunity indexes, fecal flora, and fecal odor in mice, 40 mice were randomly allotted to four groups, and each was administrated with nothing, S. platensis, probiotics, or both for 28 days, respectively. Then, many indexes were measured. The results showed that S. platensis was more effective (P < 0.001) than probiotics in improving mice's feed conversion ration (FCR). In immunity, probiotics administration increased (P < 0.042) serum IgE, IgM, IFN-γ, colonic AHR, TLR4, and NF-κB protein expression and decreased (P < 0.039) serum IL-1α, IL-21, IL-22, and colonic ARNT gene expression. However, the S. platensis showed weaker effect, which increased (P < 0.025) the serum IgE, IgM, TNF-α, and the colonic AHR and NF-κB protein expression, and decreased (P < 0.01) serum IL-21. Probiotics consumption decreased the fecal odor by decreasing (P < 0.02) fecal Escherichia coli, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and skatole contents, and the S. platensis decreased (P = 0.04) the IAA. These results indicated that oral administration of probiotics, S. platensis, or both of them in mice probably benefited body's immunity and reduced fecal odor. However, their mechanisms were still unclear and need further study.     

基于nanoUPLC-MS/MS的螺旋藻游离肽组成分析

为了研究螺旋藻中的多肽成分,以钝顶螺旋藻为原料,采用超滤法提取螺旋藻中的游离肽,利用nanoUPLC-MS/MS和PEAKS Studio分析谱图信息,结合NCBI数据库进行比对和从头测序分析,获得游离肽的结构组成和百分含量信息。结果表明,利用数据库比对法和从头测序法,分别得到可信的游离肽4 485个和20 597个,匹配到的蛋白质有1 036种。数据库比对结果中的游离肽主要为七肽到二十一肽,少量为二十一肽以上;从头测序结果中游离肽主要为二肽到十六肽,少量为十六肽以上。数据库比对结果中百分含量最高的游离肽是十肽,为15.95%;从头测序结果中百分含量最高的是五肽,达到24.09%。本研究结果为螺旋藻蛋白资源的进一步开发和利用提供了依据。     

Effect of Spirulina fusiformis on cyclophosphamide and mitomycin-C induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice

Spirulina fusiformis was tested for its possible in vivo protective effects against cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin-C (MMC) induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Pre-treatment with S. fusiformis (250, 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1), p.o., daily for 5 days) significantly reduced the chromosomal damage and lipid peroxidation with concomitant changes in antioxidants and detoxification systems. All the three tested doses were effective in exerting a protective effect against CP and MMC.     

Assessment of Bioactive Potential of Aqueous Protein Extracts from Diatoms Nitzschia laevis,Spirulina platensis,and Chlorella vulgaris

The bioactivities of protein extracts from Nitzschia laevis, Spirulina platensis, and Chlorella vulgaris were evaluated in vitro. Free radical scavenging potential, reducing power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, superoxide anion radical, xanthine oxidase inhibition, and potential to inhibit angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) were studied. Nitzschia protein extracts showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities, reducing power, and ACE inhibitory activity. Spirulina’s proteins showed the highest 2,2′-Azino-bis (3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity, xanthine oxidase, and AChE inhibition activities. Aqueous protein extracts from Nitzschia, Spirulina, and Chlorella showed in vitro antioxidant, anti-ACE, and anti-AChE activities, suggesting possible new sources of bioactive proteins of different phyla with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potentials.     

Dietary carotenoids and skin melanin content influence the coloration of farmed red porgy (Pagrus pagrus)

The present study investigates the effects of dietary carotenoid sources on the coloration of the red porgy, Pagrus pagrus. Red porgies (131.9 ± 16.2 g; mean ± SD) were fed for 12 weeks on five different diets supplemented with red carotenoids (mainly astaxanthin esters) supplied from Haematococcus pluvialis algae and yellow carotenoids (mainly β‐carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) supplied from Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. and Spirulina, Spirulina pacifica. The carotenoid‐supplemented diets did not have any marked effect on the growth rate, the feed conversion ratio, the daily feeding rate, or the hepatosomatic index of red porgy. The biochemical indices measured in plasma including cholesterol, total proteins, glucose, lactate, phospholipids, non‐esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and thyroid hormones did not differ significantly among groups. Diet did not affect significantly the melanophore‐area coverage, the melanin skin concentration and skin lightness. Carotenoid‐supplemented diets affected significantly the carotenoid deposition in the skin, the presence and distribution of erythorphores and xanthophores, and skin hue and chroma. Overall, data have shown the efficacy of Haematococcus algae in promoting a reddish coloration in red porgy.     

新型螺旋藻酸奶的研制

螺旋藻酸奶是以螺旋藻为原料,采用最佳配方将螺旋藻与酸奶有机结合起来,集营养、保健于一体的高生物活性新型营养保健酸奶。研究螺旋藻酸奶的生产工艺、配方以及产品感官性状、酸度等变化,通过正交试验,确定产品的最佳配方为：螺旋藻添加量4.0%、蔗糖添加量7.0%、发酵剂接种量3.0%、发酵时间4.0h,选用0.3%的黄原胶作为稳...     

影响螺旋藻生长因素的研究进展

螺旋藻具有丰富和全面的营养,同时具有重要的医疗保健价值,有着广阔的应用前景.笔者主要论述了不同的螺旋藻培养条件对其生长和产物的影响.     

不同磷浓度对钝顶螺旋藻吸附、吸收和转化砷酸盐的影响

采用室内培养实验,首先用0~300μg·L-1砷酸盐[As(Ⅴ)]处理钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis),分析了螺旋藻对As(Ⅴ)的吸附和吸收特性,并在300μg·L-1 As(Ⅴ)处理下,研究了不同磷浓度(P正、1/10 P正、1/25 P正、1/50 P正)对螺旋藻吸附、吸收和转化As(Ⅴ)的影响。结果表明,在本研究As(Ⅴ)处理范围内,螺旋藻的干重与对照没有显著差异。随着As(Ⅴ)浓度的升高,藻体富集的总砷含量增加,当As(Ⅴ)处理浓度为150~300μg·L-1时砷富集量为1.006~1.569 mg·kg-1,超过了国家保健(功能)食品的砷污染限量1.0 mg·kg-1(GB 16740—1997)。随着培养基中磷浓度的降低,螺旋藻体内吸收的砷含量呈现增多趋势。在正常磷(P正)和1/10 P正条件下,螺旋藻体内的砷均为As(Ⅴ);当磷浓度降低至1/25 P正时,藻细胞中的砷有3.28%为As(Ⅲ);当磷浓度降低为1/50 P正时,螺旋藻吸收的砷增加至1.457 mg·kg-1,其中有9.24%和37.35%分别转化为As(Ⅲ)和二甲基砷(DMA),表明降低培养基中磷浓度促进了螺旋藻体对As(Ⅴ)的吸收、还原和甲基化,但藻细胞中砷的主要形态仍为As(Ⅴ)。在正常磷浓度培养下,藻体富集的砷以藻细胞表面吸附为主,通过磷酸盐缓冲液脱附可去除95%以上螺旋藻富集的砷。     

添加碳酸钙后螺旋藻中钙元素的分布及主要生化组成的变化

通过向螺旋藻培养液中添加固体CaCO3粉末的方法,获得了富钙螺旋藻样品。采用原子吸收光谱法对螺旋藻的细胞壁和生化组分进行钙含量分析,结果表明,细胞壁在钙的富集过程中起了决定性的作用,螺旋藻细胞吸收富集的钙中,约有96%结合在细胞壁上;而糖类物质在有机钙的形成方面起了较为主要的作用,约有88%的有机钙与糖类物质结合,螺旋藻的生物富钙机制可能主要依靠细胞壁的吸附作用以及糖类物质的离子交换和主动运输来实现。对螺旋藻的生化分析显示,螺旋藻富集钙后,糖和蛋白质含量有所下降,而叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量则有较大地提高,前者可能与细胞壁的通透性及钙信号的刺激有关,后者则可能与螺旋藻自身的适应性调节作用有关。     

Colouring ornamental fish (Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus) with microalgal biomass

Koi carp and goldfish value increases with intensity of skin colour, which is an important quality criterion. Fish cannot fully synthesize their own carotenoid colourings and these must therefore be included in their diet. Two trials were undertaken to investigate skin colour enhancement in ornamental species (i.e. three chromatic varieties of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), namely Kawari (red), Showa (black and red) and Bekko (black and white) and goldfish (Carassius auratus)) by feeding a dietary carotenoid supplement of freshwater microalgal biomass [Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and also the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina)], using a diet containing synthetic astaxanthin and a control diet with no colouring added for comparison. In the first trial, five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 juvenile koi carp (C. carpio) (initial mean body weight 24.6 ± 0.7 g) were fed, for 10 weeks, one of the four diets containing 80 mg colouring/kg diet. In the second trial, this procedure was repeated for five homogeneous duplicate groups of 25 goldfish (C. auratus) (initial mean body weight of 0.9 ± 0.1 g). Initial and final samples of skin along the dorsal fin were withdrawn, from five fish per group, for subsequent analysis of total carotenoid content (spectrophotometric analysis), and red hue (colorimetric analysis, CIE (1976) L* a* b* colour system). Growth and feed efficiency were not significantly different between groups administered by the various dietary treatments. In both trials, dietary carotenoid supplementation increased total skin carotenoid content. The more efficient colouring for koi carps was found to be C. vulgaris biomass, providing both maximum total carotenoid deposition and red hue for the three chromatic koi carp varieties studied, and particularly for the kawari variety. For goldfish the best colouring obtained, as ascertained by total carotenoid content, was also achieved using C. vulgaris biomass, and red hue was maximum when using H. pluvialis biomass.